La Terapia Metacognitiva Interpersonal en Grupo para Adolescentes con Trastornos de la Personalidad Descripción e Ilustración Clínica del Tratamiento
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Cada vez más jóvenes que acuden a las consultas de salud mental infanto-juvenil presentan una sintomatología compatible con un trastorno de la personalidad (TP) emergente. En la adolescencia este tipo de diagnósticos no está exento de retos y controversias, su identificación e intervención tempranas resulta crucial para prevenir la devastadora progresión de los síntomas, reducir la duración del trastorno no-tratado y apoyar la recuperación, desarrollo y calidad de vida ulterior de estos jóvenes. El propósito principal de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta de tratamiento grupal desarrollada para todo el espectro de TPs en la adolescencia: la terapia metacognitiva interpersonal en grupo para adolescentes (MIT-GA). MIT-GA es una psicoterapia interpersonal marcadamente experiencial dirigida a promover las habilidades metacognitivas y mejorar los síntomas y problemas interpersonales comunes en jóvenes con TPs. Con tal objetivo, en primer lugar se describen los fundamentos principales del tratamiento, su estructura general y el contenido de las sesiones. A continuación, se ilustra la metodología de trabajo a través del caso de Nora, una adolescente de 16 años con un TP dependiente. Para calibrar el impacto de la terapia, se presentan resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos antes y después del tratamiento, así como a los 6 meses tras su finalización, a nivel de síntomas y funcionamiento interpersonal y general. A modo de conclusiones, se esbozan algunas reflexiones sobre el trabajo con TPs, las ventajas y dificultades de MIT-GA y se apuntan varias líneas de investigación futuras para mejorar el tratamiento y pronóstico de estas patologías en población adolescente.
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